Some would like to think the way we think of Africa has evolved, but this travel guide for Ghana, published in 1998 then amended a mere decade ago, proves that to be incorrect. As a society we constantly use words with ulterior meaning to describe Africa and our experiences there, whether it is subconscious or not. The front page of Guide to Ghana by Phillip Briggs is adorned with an illustration of Campbell's Mona Monkey which, although the species is native to Ghana and other countries in Western and Central Africa, it immediately draws the reader's attention to wild life, not the people or the culture. Ghana begins in the mind of the reader as a zoo-like land rich in exotic animals. The bold, serif style of the title gives a vibe of the primitive, the uncut. Ghana is dubbed an 'Africa for Beginners' in the second sentence of the introduction and called "laid-back." This coincides with the stereotypical "wise" Africa view, that it offers a slower pace of life than the quickness of life in the U.S., but also suggests that other countries in Africa are something other than "laid-back," perhaps dangerous or too wild for the white traveller. Ghana is so varied, the guide boasts, that itself provides a "microcosmic first taste of Africa." Apparently, of the approximately 50 countries of Africa and all their people, cultures, landmarks, and wildlife, all can be found in this single, travel friendly country that prides itself in "catering to independent travellers." One of the more loaded sentences soon follows, as the jungle is described as "lush" and the beaches are "bone-white." Jungles and wildlife are often glorified and put on a pedestal by tourists, but it is bizarre that a text amended only 11 years ago would allow such something as blatant as "bone-white" slip through the cracks. Cannibalism was a commonly used stereotype that helped colonial imperialists categorize Africans as barbarians, furthering their case that they were lesser a people and acceptable to enslave. Later on in the introduction, there is talk of national reserves that go months on end without visitors, giving the traveller the sense that Ghana is still untouched, but they will be safe. Words like "adventurous" and "trailblazing" plague the pages, as if tourists reading the guide are making the first voyage ever to this strange and different land. All while letting them breathe a sigh of relief because, although it was one of the first African countries to "slide into post-independence chaos," "it never plummeted to the depths reached by, say, Liberia or Rwanda."
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It is scary how much power words hold - how they can manipulate our initial thoughts, allowing us to reevaluate and reassure ourselves about a particular thing/topic/idea. In this case, you point out how in the travel brochures it is not only the photos flooding the readers' minds, but also the text. Also, I like the key descriptions you focused in on, such as "beginners" and "first taste", making it seem like a trip to Ghana (or Africa in general) needs a prerequisite course.
ReplyDeleteI think you made some very valid points Julia. The slow, "laid-back" pace of life that is highlighted in the brochure is a definitely a testament to the way Americans view the region. The creators of the brochure allude to the fact that Ghana is less face paced, innovative and progressive than America and by doing this they are instilling in us an inaccurate perception of the continent that must be changed.
ReplyDeleteCould the "bone white" beaches also be referring to elephant tusks and the mystery and allure Americans associate with hunting wild animals in Africa?
I really enjoyed this careful close reading of the text. But I wonder if maybe you might be a little too tough on the writer for the "bone-white" comment. All our bones are essentially white. And I'm not really convinced that that is a reference to cannibalism. Nonetheless, your other interpretations seem to be spot on. Excellent reading.
ReplyDeleteThis is very thought out and I am eager to hear your presentation. I like what you had to say about the "microcosmic first taste of Africa". As if seeing Ghana is as good as experiencing the entire continent.
ReplyDeleteI would suggest you make a point about the examples of drop dead attractions from other countries in Africa and talk about why they are attractions and why they are mentioned in this travel guide at all.
Also talk about the attractions that Ghana has to offer and why they are stressed throughout the guide.
And why do people want an "off the beaten path" experience?
Hope that helps:)